Kanada
Kanada (ˈkænədə) je severoamerická krajina, ktorá pozostáva z desiatich provincií a troch teritórií. Kanada sa nachádza v severnej časti kontinentu a je rozšírená od pobrežia Atlantického oceánu na východe až po pobrežie Tichého oceánu na západe a na severe až po Arktický oceán. S rozlohou viac ako 9,9 milióna štvorcových kilometrov je Kanada druhou najväčšou krajinou podľa rozlohy a jej spoločná hranica s USA je najdlhšou krajinnou hranicou na svete.
Prevažné náboženstvo je Kresťanstvo - protestantizmus a úradný jazyk je angličtina no v provincii Quebec je to francúzština.
- Kanada je druhá najväčšia krajina na svete, zaberá takmer 10-miliónov kilometrov štvorcových, väčšie územie má jedine
- Takmer štvrtina svetovej sladkej vody sa nachádza práve v Kanade, s dvomi miliónmi jazier má Kanada viac jazier, ako zvyšok sveta dokopy. Najväčšie a najznámejšie sú Veľké jazerá (Horné, Hurónske, Michiganské, Erijské a Ontárijské).
- Kanada je tretím najväčším výrobcom diamantov
- V Kanade sa nachádza až 42 národných parkov
- Trans Canada Highway je najdlhšia vnútroštátna diaľnica na svete
Aj keď národným športom je hokej (zimný) a lacrosse (letný), Kanaďania priniesli svetu aj baseball, basketbal, či bowling.
V Kanade sa nachádzajú aj slávne Niagarské vodopády.
Kanada nieje veľmi zaľudnená. Väčšina obyvateľov žije na juhu. Kanada má oproti Spojeným štátom amerických len 30 miliónov obyvateľov.
Hlavným mestom v Kanade je Ottawa.
Kanada má úzke zahraničné vzťahy s USA, s ktorými má najdlhšie nebránenú hranicu na svete, alebo napr. spoločnú leteckú obranu (NORAD). Obe krajiny spolu často kooperujú ako na politickej, tak aj vojenskej úrovni a ich ekonomiky sú veľmi úzko spojené (tiež Severoamerická menová únia). Okrem toho má Kanada nadštandardné vzťahy sVeľkou Britániou a Francúzskom, dvomi bývalými imperiálnymi mocnosťami, ktoré hrali nezastupiteľnú úlohu pri jej vzniku – je členom Commonwealthu a La Francophonie.[49] SVeľkou Britániou má navyše spoločnú formálnu hlavu štátu.
Nunavut je najsevernejšie kanadské teritórium s tromi naj. Je najrozľahlejšie, najmladšie a má najmenej obyvateľov zo všetkých kanadských provincií a teritórií. V Nunavute leží aj najsevernejšie obývané miesto planéty – Alert.
Najväčším a zároveň hlavným mestom je Iqaluit (Frobisher Bay), kde žije štvrtina obyvateľov. Názov v grónčine – inuitčineznamená „Naša Zem“, „Naša vlasť“. Nunavut bol vytvorený vyčlenením zo Severozápadných teritórií 1. apríla 1999.
Ide o samosprávne územie Inuitov, za ktorých sa pokladá vyše 83 % obyvateľov. Indiánskymi jazykmi hovorí 70 % ľudí. Nunavut má pozemné hranice s nasledovnými kanadskými provinciami a teritóriami.
Nunavut by sa so svojou rozlohou zaradil na 15. miesto medzi krajinami sveta. Do Nunavutu patrí časť severnej Kanady, väčšina z Arktických ostrovov – Baffinov ostrov, Ellesmerov ostrov, Viktóriin ostrov a iné. Najvyšší vrch Nunavutu je Barbeau (2 616 m).
Nové škótsko : (angl. Novia Scotia, fran. Nouvelle-Écosse, gaelsky Alba Nuadh) je najvýchodnejšia z desiatich kanadskýchprovincií. Hlavné a zároveň najväčšie mesto je Halifax.
Provinciu Nové Škótsko, ktorá leží na polostrove rovnakého mena (polostrov Nové Škótsko), oddeľuje od provincie New Brunswick zátoka Fundy Bay.
Yukon alebo Yukonské teritórium (angl. Yukon, Yukon Territory alebo the Yukon) je kanadské teritórium na jeho severozápadnom okraji. Na východe susedí so Severozápadnými teritóriami, na juhu s Britskou Kolumbiou a na západe sAljaškou (USA). Jeho hlavným mestom je Whitehorse. Má rozlohu 482 443 km², čo z neho robí 9. najväčšie teritórium Kanady.
Teritórium obýva asi 31 000 obyvateľov, z ktorých niečo málo cez 23 000 žije v jehohlavnom meste, ktoré je situované cca 80 km od jeho južnej hranice. Teritórium je pomenované po rieke Yukon. V doprave má väčší podiel letecká doprava, jediná väčšia pozemná komunikácia vedie južnou časťou teritória a spája hlavné mesto s aljašským mestečkom Tok. Z Whitehorse, hlavného mesta Yukonu vedie na sever Klondike Highway, pohodlná asfaltová cesta s množstvom zaujímavostí až do Dawson City a potom ďalej na Aljašku.
Symboly Kanady : hokej, javorový list, veľké zásoby dreva, javorový sirup, bobor, medveď Grizzly.
HUDBA : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qno-ac4R7dU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wiLz6afFSKo
Kuchyňa : Kanadská kuchyňa sa líši v závislosti od regiónu. Prvá, originálna kuchyňa – ak sa to dá tak nazvať – bola samozrejme kuchyňa pôvodných obyvateľov, aboriginal people. Táto kuchyňa sa potom dá ešte rozdeliť na tradičnú indiánsku (first nation) a na kuchyňu Eskimákov (inuit). Po príchode Európanov mala najväčší vplyv na stravovacie návyky samozrejme britská a francúzska kuchyňa. Na východnom pobreží prevládala kuchyňa francúzska, podobne ako v Quebecu a ďalej v severnej časti Ontária.
Hoci o určitých jedlách by sme mohli povedať, že sú kanadské vďaka použitým ingredienciám alebo ich pôvodu, je veľmi ťažké túto kuchyňu jednoznačne definovať. Jeden z bývalých premiérov, Joe Clark, povedal, že kanadská gastronómia je škola jedál z kuchýň ostatných kultúr, ktoré majú vplyv v Kanade a je stále v procese definovania sa.
Eskimáci a ich stravovacie návyky boli silne ovplyvnené ich kočovným spôsobom života a prostredím, v ktorom žili a žijú. Okrem sobov, ktoré chovali ako pracovné zvieratá, mali ich aj ako zdroj potravy. Popri tom veľa lovili a chytali ryby, čo bola ich hlavná obživa. Rastlinnej stravy mali skutočne minimum vzhľadom na podnebie, v ktorom prežívali.
First nation, Indiáni, sa rozdeľovali na dve hlavné skupiny. Vo východnej a centrálnej časti Kanady viedla väčšina Indiánov usadený spôsob života, tzv. farmársky. Bývali v napevno postavených – ako ja hovorím – „činžiakoch“. Tieto obydlia boli ohradené vysokými drevenými hradbami, ktoré slúžili ako obrana proti kočovným kmeňom. Vo vnútri takéhoto príbytku žilo niekoľko rodín pohromade a spávali tu na poschodových posteliach. Tieto príbytky mali zvyčajne 3 – 4 poschodia. Pri vstupe a v spodnej časti mali Indiáni zvyčajne uskladnenú usušenú kukuricu a iné plodiny.
Tak isto tam uskladňovali sušené mäso zo zvierat, ktoré ulovili. Hlavné plodiny v ich strave boli kukurica, zemiaky, fazuľa a tekvica. Zaujímavé bolo pestovanie „zlatej kombinácie“, ako ju nazývali: kukurica, vedľa ktorej sa sadila fazuľa ťahajúca sa po kukurici a na spodku nasadená tekvica, ktorá zase zadržiavala vlhkosť. Ďalšou dôležitou surovinou pre východné pobrežie Kanady a severnú časť USA bol a stále je javorový sirup. Nakoľko je sirup hustá sladká tekutina, museli čerstvo vytečenú šťavu upravovať, pretože obsahovala aj veľa vody. Zozbieraný sirup sa nechal zamrznúť a potom sa ľad opatrne zozbieral. Takto sa to opakovalo niekoľkokrát, kým nebola nedosiahnutá žiadaná čistota a hustota.
Niektoré z obľúbených jedál, potravín a príloh v Kanade
Gravy – mäsová omáčka
Táto omáčka sa normálne používa na poliate upečeného mäsa. Základ gravy tvorí výpek z mäsa zahustený kukuričným škrobom alebo múkou. Na prípravu jedného hrnčeka gravy je potrebná jedna polievková lyžica výpeku. Ja gravy pripravujem takto. Z nádoby, v ktorej bolo pečené mäso, odoberiem výpek okrem dvoch polievkových lyžíc a dám variť na sporák na strednú teplotu. V asi 1/4 hrnčeku vody si rozmiešam kukuričný škrob a pridám do výpeku. Miešam, pokiaľ výpek nezačne hustnúť. Ako začína hustnúť, pridám vodu, vývar, mlieko alebo smotanu alebo kombináciu týchto tekutín, s celkovým objemom približne 2 hrnčeky. Miešam a varím ešte asi 5 minút. Nakoniec posolím. V prípade, že sa použije múka, pridáva sa priamo do výpeku a mieša sa, až kým múka nezačne hustnúť a nezhnedne. Potom pokračujeme s pridávaním tekutín, ako je spomenuté vyššie. Toto je základný recept. Samozrejme, gravy môže mať rôznu príchuť, ako napr. klobásová, vajíčková, s kúskami moriaka, kuraciny alebo čokoládová. Je ich skutočne mnoho.
V posledných rokoch sú v Kanade veľmi obľúbené Poutine hranolčeky. Sú to vlastne hranolčeky poliate omáčkou gravy. Ich pôvod je v Quebecku a rýchlo sa rozšírili po celej Kanade. Dnes ich dostanete kúpiť ako fast food na každom trhu alebo na miestach, kde sa ponúka rýchle občerstvenie, ale aj vo viacerých reštauráciách. V reštaurácii La Banquise v Montreale podávajú 25 variácií na tento pokrm.

Slanina
Opražená slanina snáď nesmie chýbať na žiadnom stole, či ráno na raňajky alebo večer pri hlavnom jedle. Nájdete ju i v jedle ponúkanom vo fast foodoch, ako sú hamburger, prípadne šaláty (Caesar salad).
K ďalším obľúbeným zákuskom patria muffiny a zákusky pripravované z lístkového cesta
!Ďakujem za pozornosť!
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